Warning Signs You Have Gum Disease

Bleeding gums could be a sign you have gum disease

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When your gums bleed easily, especially during brushing or flossing, it's often a sign of inflammation caused by the presence of plaque build up along the gumline. Plaque contains bacteria that irritate the gums, leading to gingivitis, the early stage of gum disease.

Your gums are swollen

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Inflamed or swollen gums are a common early sign of gum disease. This inflammation occurs in response to bacterial toxins in plaque. As the gums become more irritated, they can appear red, puffy, and tender to the touch.  Don't ignore the signs as they may not go away on their own.

You have persistent bad breath

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Chronic bad breath, known as halitosis, can be a result of bacteria accumulating in the mouth due to poor oral hygiene. In gum disease, the bacteria produce foul-smelling byproducts, contributing to persistent bad breath that may not improve even with regular brushing and mouthwash use.

Your gums are receding

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Gums that recede or pull away from the teeth expose more of the tooth's surface and roots. This can make the teeth appear longer and lead to increased tooth sensitivity. Gum recession is often a sign of advanced gum disease and can be caused by factors like periodontal infections, aggressive brushing, or genetic predisposition.

Teeth have become very sensitive

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Increased tooth sensitivity, particularly to hot or cold temperatures, can be a symptom of gum disease. Gum recession exposes the sensitive roots of the teeth, leading to discomfort when exposed to temperature changes or pressure.  Toothpaste for sensitive teeth may not even work if it's so bad.

Your teeth start to loosen

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As gum disease progresses, the supporting bone and tissues around the teeth may deteriorate, causing the teeth to become loose or shift position. This is a serious symptom of advanced periodontitis and can ultimately result in tooth loss if not treated promptly.

It's painful to chew

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Discomfort or pain while chewing food can indicate gum disease, especially if it's localized around certain teeth or areas of the mouth. Inflammation of the gums and underlying tissues can make chewing painful, particularly when pressure is applied to the affected areas.

You've noticed a change in your bite

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Noticeable changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite down may signal gum disease. As gum disease progresses and bone loss occurs, it can alter the alignment and relationship of the teeth, leading to changes in the bite pattern. Don't ignore the sign.

There's pus between teeth and gums

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The presence of pus around the gumline or between teeth is a clear sign of infection and inflammation in the gums. Pus is a byproduct of the body's immune response to bacterial invasion and is often observed in cases of advanced periodontal disease. It requires immediate attention from a dentist or periodontist.

You've noticed changes in tooth alignment

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As gum disease advances, it can cause changes in the alignment of your teeth or create gaps between them. The loss of bone support and shifting of teeth can result in noticeable changes in the overall alignment and spacing of the teeth over time. This can affect both appearance and function.

Changes in the fit of your dentures

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Dentures rely on the gums for stability and support. If you notice that your dentures no longer fit properly or if you experience discomfort while wearing them, it could indicate changes in your gum health. Gum disease can lead to alterations in the structure and health of your gums, which may affect how your dentures fit.

Gum sensitivity is a problem

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Healthy gums should not be overly sensitive to touch. If you experience tenderness or sensitivity in your gums, especially when brushing, flossing, or eating, it could be a sign of gum disease. Persistent gum sensitivity may indicate inflammation and infection within the gum tissues.

You can easily see plaque and tartar

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Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. If plaque is not adequately removed through proper oral hygiene practices, it can harden into tartar (calculus), which cannot be removed by brushing alone. Excessive buildup of plaque and tartar along the gumline can contribute to gum inflammation and disease.

Gum recession is happening

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Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, exposing more of the tooth's surface, including the roots. Gum recession can be a sign of gum disease, particularly in its advanced stages. It can also lead to increased tooth sensitivity and eventual tooth loss if left untreated.

Gum pockets are forming

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Gum pockets are spaces or gaps that form between the teeth and the gums. As gum disease progresses, these pockets can become deeper, allowing bacteria to accumulate and causing further damage to the supporting structures of the teeth, including the bone. Deep gum pockets are a hallmark sign of advanced gum disease.

You have abscesses around the teeth

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An abscess is a localized collection of pus that forms within the gum tissues or around the roots of a tooth. It is often accompanied by pain, swelling, and inflammation. Abscesses are typically a sign of an acute infection and can occur as a result of untreated gum disease. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent the spread of infection and potential tooth loss.

You have persistent mouth sores

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Mouth sores or ulcers that do not heal within a reasonable amount of time may be indicative of underlying gum disease or other oral health issues. Persistent sores should be evaluated by a dentist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

A metal taste in the mouth

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A persistent metallic taste in the mouth can be a symptom of advanced gum disease. The presence of bacteria and infection in the gums can produce unpleasant tastes or odors in the mouth, which may manifest as a metallic taste sensation, stopping you enjoying your food.

Gum color is changing

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Healthy gums typically appear pink and firm. Changes in gum color, such as dark red or purplish discoloration, may indicate inflammation, infection, or compromised gum health associated with gum disease.  Watch out for these changes and consult your dentist.

You have general oral discomfort

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Discomfort or tenderness in the mouth, along with any of the above symptoms, should not be ignored. It may indicate underlying gum disease or other oral health issues that require professional evaluation and treatment by a dentist or periodontist. Regular dental check-ups are essential for maintaining optimal oral health and detecting gum disease.

Gum bleeding when you're eating

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Bleeding gums during eating, particularly when consuming hard or crunchy foods, indicate that the gum tissues are inflamed and sensitive. The act of chewing puts pressure on the gums, causing them to bleed if they're already weakened due to gum disease. It's essential to note that bleeding gums during meals should not be considered normal and warrant further evaluation by a dentist.

Persistent halitosis that won't go away

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Chronic bad breath, or halitosis, is a common symptom of gum disease. Bacteria thrive in the plaque and tartar build up along the gumline and between teeth, releasing foul-smelling compounds as they feed on food particles and debris. Despite regular brushing and mouthwash use, persistent bad breath may persist due to the underlying gum infection.

It's tender when you brush or floss

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Healthy gums should not be tender or painful during oral hygiene practices. If you experience discomfort or tenderness while brushing or flossing, it may indicate gum inflammation or gingivitis. Vigorous brushing or flossing can exacerbate the tenderness and further damage the delicate gum tissues.

There's visible gum inflammation

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Inflamed gums appear swollen, red, and may feel tender to the touch. Visible inflammation along the gumline, especially in specific areas, suggests an ongoing inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Inflammation is the body's natural defense mechanism against pathogens, but chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and periodontal disease.

Gum discomfort while wearing braces

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Wearing braces or other orthodontic appliances can make it challenging to maintain proper oral hygiene. Food particles and plaque can easily accumulate around the brackets and wires, increasing the risk of gum inflammation and gum disease. Discomfort or sensitivity in the gums while wearing braces may indicate underlying periodontal issues that require attention from a dentist or orthodontist.

A persistent dry mouth

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Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health by cleansing the mouth, neutralizing acids, and remineralizing enamel. Persistent dry mouth, or xerostomia, can result from various factors, including medications, medical conditions, or lifestyle habits. Reduced saliva flow increases the risk of gum disease by creating an environment where harmful bacteria can thrive and proliferate.

There's changes in gum texture

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Healthy gums should feel firm and resilient to the touch. Changes in gum texture, such as softness or sponginess, may indicate underlying gum disease. Advanced stages of gum disease can lead to gum tissue breakdown, loss of attachment, and changes in texture, compromising the gums' ability to support and protect the teeth.

Visible tooth mobility

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Gum disease can cause the supporting structures of the teeth, including the bone and periodontal ligaments, to deteriorate over time. As a result, affected teeth may become loose or mobile. Visible tooth mobility, especially in multiple teeth, is a concerning sign of advanced gum disease and may indicate significant bone loss and tissue damage.

Visible tooth root exposure

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As gum disease progresses and the gums recede, the roots of the teeth may become exposed. Exposed tooth roots can be sensitive to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and beverages. Root exposure also increases the risk of tooth decay, as the roots lack the protective enamel covering present on the crowns of the teeth.

You're experiencing chronic jaw pain or discomfort

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Chronic jaw pain or discomfort, particularly in the area surrounding the gums and teeth, may be associated with gum disease. In advanced cases, gum disease can lead to bone loss and changes in the jaw structure, resulting in pain or discomfort while chewing, biting, or speaking. Jaw pain may also be accompanied by other symptoms such as headaches, facial swelling, or difficulty opening and closing the mouth.

Other serious mouth problems include .... tooth decay

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Tooth decay occurs when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, combines with sugars and starches from food to produce acids that attack tooth enamel. Over time, this acid erosion can lead to the formation of cavities or holes in the teeth, which may cause pain and sensitivity if left untreated.

Tooth sensitivity

with hot or cold foods or drinks

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Tooth sensitivity occurs when the dentin, the inner layer of the tooth, becomes exposed due to enamel erosion or gum recession. This exposure can lead to discomfort or pain in response to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and beverages.  The sensitivity can be painful.

A painful tooth abscess

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A tooth abscess is a painful infection caused by bacteria entering the pulp (the innermost part) of the tooth through a cavity, crack, or chip. It often results in swelling, pus formation, and severe toothache. If left untreated, a tooth abscess can lead to systemic infection and other serious complications.

You have dry mouth (x

erostomia)

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Dry mouth occurs when there is a reduction in saliva production, which can be caused by medications, medical conditions (such as Sjögren's syndrome), or lifestyle factors (such as smoking or dehydration). Dry mouth can lead to discomfort, difficulty chewing and swallowing, and an increased risk of dental problems due to reduced saliva's protective properties.

You've got oral thrush

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Oral thrush is a fungal infection caused by candida yeast, which can overgrow in the mouth due to factors such as weakened immune system, antibiotic use, or poorly fitting dentures. It presents as creamy white lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or roof of the mouth and may cause discomfort or altered taste sensation.

You can see mouth ulcers

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Mouth ulcers, also known as canker sores, are shallow, painful lesions that develop on the mucous membranes inside the mouth. They can be triggered by factors such as stress, injury (e.g., biting the cheek), certain foods, or hormonal changes. While usually benign and resolving on their own, recurrent or persistent canker sores may require medical attention.

You're a teeth grinder (bruxism)

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Bruxism is the habitual grinding or clenching of teeth, often occurring during sleep or periods of stress. Chronic bruxism can lead to tooth wear, enamel erosion, jaw pain, headaches, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.  Your dentist can organise for you to use a mouthguard at night.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders

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TMJ disorders involve symptoms such as pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, which connects the jaw to the skull. Symptoms may include jaw pain, clicking or popping sounds, difficulty chewing or opening the mouth, and facial muscle stiffness.

Oral cancer of any area around the mouth

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Oral cancer can affect various oral tissues, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, throat, and gums. It may present as persistent sores, lumps, patches, or changes in oral tissues, and early detection is crucial for successful treatment and prognosis.

You've noticed tooth fractures

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Tooth fractures can occur due to trauma, biting on hard objects, or weakened tooth structure (e.g., from large fillings or decay). Depending on the severity and location of the fracture, treatment options may include dental bonding, fillings, crowns, or root canal therapy.

You have enamel erosion

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Enamel erosion is defined as the loss of tooth enamel caused by acids from foods, beverages (e.g., sodas, citrus fruits), or gastric reflux. Acid erosion weakens the enamel, leading to increased tooth sensitivity, discoloration, and susceptibility to cavities.

Your teeth are misaligned (malocclusion)

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Malocclusion refers to improper alignment of the teeth and jaws, which can result in bite problems, crowding, spacing issues, speech difficulties, and aesthetic concerns. Orthodontic treatment may be necessary to correct malocclusion and improve oral function and appearance.

Wisdom teeth are impacting

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Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, may become impacted if they fail to erupt properly through the gums due to lack of space or improper alignment. Impacted wisdom teeth can cause pain, swelling, infection, and damage to adjacent teeth, requiring extraction in many cases.

You've experienced oral trauma

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Oral trauma can result from accidents, falls, sports injuries, or physical altercations, leading to injuries such as broken teeth, fractured jaws, lacerations, and soft tissue damage. Prompt evaluation and treatment by a dentist or oral surgeon are essential to address oral injuries and prevent complications.

Complications from oral piercings

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Oral piercings (e.g., tongue, lip, cheek) can lead to complications such as infection, swelling, bleeding, chipped teeth, gum recession, and increased risk of oral health problems (e.g., periodontal disease). Proper piercing placement, hygiene, and aftercare are important to minimize risks and complications.

You have geographic tongue

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Geographic tongue is a benign condition characterized by irregular, map-like patches on the tongue's surface, which may change in size, shape, and location over time. While typically asymptomatic, geographic tongue can cause discomfort or altered taste sensation in some individuals.

A worn down toothbrush

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As a toothbrush wears down, the bristles become frayed and lose their original shape and stiffness. This can significantly reduce the brush's effectiveness in removing plaque, food particles, and bacteria from the teeth and gums. Inadequate plaque removal can lead to dental problems such as cavities, gum disease, and bad breath

Dental erosion from acid reflux

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Acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can lead to dental erosion as stomach acids regurgitate into the mouth, weakening and eroding tooth enamel over time. Management of acid reflux involves lifestyle modifications, medications, and dental interventions to protect tooth enamel and prevent erosion.

Tooth discoloration

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Tooth discoloration can occur due to intrinsic factors such as genetics, developmental conditions, or trauma, as well as extrinsic factors such as staining from foods, beverages (e.g., coffee, tea), tobacco, or medications. Treatment options may include professional whitening, dental bonding, veneers, or crowns, depending on the cause and severity of discoloration.

Oral allergy syndrome

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Oral allergy syndrome is a condition where certain raw fruits, vegetables, or nuts trigger allergic reactions in individuals with pollen allergies, causing itching, tingling, or swelling in the mouth and throat. Cooking or processing the trigger foods may help reduce allergic reactions in some cases.